| 21. | applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| 22. | artificial intelligence (AI) | the science of designing and programming computer systems to do intelligent things and to stimulate human thought processes such as intuitive reasoning, learning, and understanding More… |
| 23. | assimilation | interpreting one's new experience in terms of one's existing schemas. |
| 24. | association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and More… |
| 25. | associative learning | learning that certain events occur together. The events may be two stimuli (as in classical conditioning) or a response and its consequences (as in operant conditioning) |
| 26. | attachment | an emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation. |
| 27. | audition | the sense of hearing |
| 28. | autism | a disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind. |
| 29. | automatic processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meaning |
| 30. | Autonomic nervous system | the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs (such as the heart). Its sympathetic division arouses; its parasympathetic division More… |
| 31. | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vivdness), we presume such events are common |
| 32. | avoidant | attachment style in which they seek little contact with their caregiver and are not distressed when the caregiver leaves |
| 33. | Axon | transports messages to different muscles/glands in the body |
| 34. | barbiturates | drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement |
| 35. | basal metabolic rate | the body's resting rate of energy expenditure |
| 36. | basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| 37. | basic trust | according to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers. |
| 38. | behavior genetics | the perspective of psychological science that deals with how much our genes, and our environment, influence our individual differences |
| 39. | behavioral | the perspective of psychological science that deals with how we learn observable responses |
| 40. | behaviorism | the view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with 1) but not with 2). More… |
